機能性リポソームの医薬応用
Pharmaceutical Application of Functional Liposomes
奥 直人
(Naoto OKU)
静岡県立大学 薬学部
Summary
Liposomal application as carriers of drugs, gene, and various biomaterials has been widely investigated. Liposomalization of many drugs was revealed to reduce the side ffect and to enhance the efficacy of the drugs. Since liposomes are an assembly of amphiphilic biomolecules, i.e., phospholipids, they are essentially non-toxic, biodegradable, and of quite low antigenicity. Furthermore, they may possess various functions associated with biomembranes, such as selective permeability, fusion, special interactions with serum proteins or with cells, and so on. In here, preparation and characterization of such functional liposomes are presented, namely, thermosensitive liposomes for delivering macromolecules, pH-sensitive liposomes for cytosolic delivery of the encapsulated materials, and reticuloendothelial system (RES) -avoiding liposomes for passive targeting to tumor tissues. The actual usefulness of RES-avoiding liposomes modified with a uronic acid derivative, palmityl-D-glucuronide, for tumor imaging and therapy was demonstrated. Liposomal trafficking in living animals, which is important in the use of liposomes as drug carriers, and which was determined by the recently developed method by use of positron emission tomography was also mentioned.
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